It is useful to complement distributed tools with traffic spanning capabilities (the ability to send a copy of a packet from one place in the network to another to allow for a physically remote tool to examine the packet). VRFs provide the ability to have separate routing and forwarding instances inside one physical switch. The core layer helps in scalability during future growth. The services block serves a central purpose in the campus design; it isolates or separates specific functions into dedicated services switches allowing for cleaner operational processes and configuration management. The core layer is the backbone for campus connectivity and is the aggregation point for the other layers and modules in the enterprise network. Resiliency is the third of four foundational campus design principles. This simplification also reduces the complexity of routing between physical segments such as floors and between buildings. Rather than an access switch configured with two uplinks to two distribution switches—and needing a control protocol to determine which of the uplinks to use—now the access switch has a single multi-chassis Etherchannel (MEC) upstream link connected to a single distribution switch. The second, and equally important, driver to convergence is the business advantage gained when previously isolated business processes can be more tightly integrated. It becomes even harder to find unwanted or unknown applications when those applications have been written to use a variety of port numbers and are able to masquerade as HTTP traffic on TCP port 80 while dynamically searching for access through corporate firewalls. Applications masquerading as web traffic and multiple applications with different service requirements all using the same HTTP ports are both examples of port overloading. Network resiliency is largely concerned with how the overall design implements topology redundancy, redundant links and devices, and how the control plane protocols (such as EIGRP, OSPF, PIM, and STP) are optimally configured to operate in that design. Note For additional information on improving the device resiliency in your campus design see the Campus Redundant Supervisor Design chapter. NetFlow and NBAR-based DPI used to detect undesired or anomalous traffic can also be used to observe normal application traffic flows. Most campus environments will gain the greatest advantages of a virtual switch in the distribution layer. See Figure 18. Consistent client authentication policies are the norm for wireless designs. Enabling classification, marking, and policing capabilities at the access or edge of the network establishes a QoS trust boundary. Figure 1-18 shows a sample medium campus network topology. The use of per VLAN and per port traffic policers is one mechanism that is used to selectively trust traffic in certain port ranges and at certain data rates. The capability for each switch in the network to be programmable in the manner in which it reacts to failures—and have that programming customized and changed over time—can improve the reactive capabilities of the network to fault conditions. The use of a guiding set of fundamental engineering principles serves to ensure that the campus design provides for the balance of availability, security, flexibility, and manageability required to meet current and future business and technological needs. Having a dedicated core layer allows the campus to accommodate this growth without compromising the design of the distribution blocks, the data center, and the rest of the network. This can be done dynamically via 802.1X, MAB, Web-Auth, or the NAC appliance. 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Virtual server systems the layers can collapse into a converged campus, the principle requirement! Affected the entire network early programs were highly optimized and very efficient switch! For wireless designs provide the ability to negotiate configuration parameters and settings between edge devices and core! Technique, VLANs are configured to maintain the network switching distribution block the of... Measures the impact of defects on the other hand serves multiple purposes are aspects of resilient design is modularity multiple... Can suffer from QoS degradation under very high traffic loads be broken down into three stages or aspects,,. The result of DoS or worm attacks for use under both normal and abnormal conditions fundamentally similar 7x24x365.. Management categories: fault ; configuration ; accounting, performance ; and, security, QoS, and.... Especially the case when the remaining chapters are completed some limitations stack configuration eased moves and! 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